Tetanus Anti Toxoid Injection

The term “ATS injection” commonly refers to the Anti-Tetanus Serum injection, which is used in tetanus prophylaxis—especially in individuals who are not fully immunized or whose tetanus immunization history is unclear.

What is ATS (Anti-Tetanus Serum)?
• ATS contains tetanus antitoxin, derived from horse serum (equine source).
• It provides passive immunity by neutralizing the tetanus toxin.
• It is different from Tetanus Toxoid (TT), which stimulates the body to develop active immunity.

When is ATS Used?
• Deep, dirty wounds or puncture injuries.
• Patients with uncertain or no tetanus immunization history.
• Emergency trauma care settings, especially in rural or high-risk areas.

Note: ATS is used less frequently today in favor of TIG (Tetanus Immunoglobulin), especially in developed settings, due to the risk of allergic reactions (serum sickness or anaphylaxis) from equine proteins.

 Administration:
• Dose: Typically 1,500 to 3,000 IU IM (intramuscular), depending on risk assessment.
• Sensitivity test must be done before injection due to risk of allergic reaction.
• Given alongside Tetanus Toxoid (TT) to provide both immediate and long-term protection.

Important Precautions:
• Always perform a skin sensitivity test.
• Have adrenaline and emergency care ready in case of anaphylaxis.
• Not recommended for patients with a known hypersensitivity to equine proteins.